Wind protection: Young trees benefit greatly by wind protection. 'Shan chi', or 'Shan chih' (mountain lychee), also called 'Suan chih', or 'Sun chi' (sour lychee) grows wild in the hills and is often planted as a rootstock for better varieties. 'Hak Ip' is also midseason and large-seeded there. The leaflets are concave like those of 'Kwai Mi'. Girdling of trees that begin to flush in October and November is ineffective. Late in the 17th Century, it was carried to Burma and, 100 years later, to India. This pest is combatted by shaking the trees in winter, collecting the bugs and dropping them into kerosene. A twig-pruner, Hypermallus villosus, has damaged lychee trees in Florida and a twig borer, Proteoteras implicata, has killed twigs of new growth on Florida lychees. Dried fruits can be stored in tins at room temperature for about a year with no change in texture or flavor. Col. Grove made arrangements to air-layer hundreds of branches on some of the old, flourishing 'Brewster' trees in Sebring and Babson Park and thus acquired the stock to establish his lychee grove. Experimental drying involved preliminary disinfection by immersing the fruits in 0.5% copper sulphate solution for 2 minutes. It resumed fruiting in 1940 and annual crops recorded to 1956 showed good productivity-averaging 383.4 lbs (174 kg) per year, and the rate of abortive seeds ranged from 62% to 85%. Rambutan and pulasan are more tropical in origin than lychee or longan. Guangdong Province Academy of Agricultural In India, L.B. Some are dried by means of brick stoves during humid weather. In India, certain of the various auxins tried stimulated root formation, forced early maturity of the layers, but contributed to high mortality. Peeled and pitted, they are commonly added to fruit cups and fruit salads. Florida's commercial lychee plantings reached a peak of about Ground-layering has been practiced to some extent. Girdling: The Indian farmer may girdle the branches or trunk of his lychee trees in September to enhance flowering and fruiting. Of poor quality. Report on a visit to China under the Australia/China In the severe low temperature crisis during the winter of 1957-58, the effects ranged from minimal to total throughout central and southern Florida. Flesh grayish-white, firm, sweet and flavorful. A leaf-webber, Dudua aprobola, attacks the new growth of all lychee trees in the Punjab. (1921). The final swelling of the fruit causes the protuberances on the skin to be less crowded and to slightly flatten out, thus an experienced picker will recognize the stage of full maturity. 'Pyazi'. Indian horticulturists warn that girdling in alternate years, or girdling just half of the tree, may be preferable to annual girdling and that, in any case, heavy fertilization and irrigation should precede girdling. Shallow cultivation is performed to keep the plot weed-free. The fruit is small, red, rough, with thin, juicy acid flesh and very little rag. Litchi chinensis 'Kaimana' One of the best tasting large lychees. 156 pp. W.M. Individual fruits are later clipped from the cluster leaving a stub of stem attached. Making lychee and longan harvests predictable Exotic lychees safeguarded in ARS botanical library When exports of dried fruits from China to the United States were suspended, India welcomed the opportunity to supply the market. The fruit appears on local markets and small quantities are exported to the mainland but the lychee is too undependable to be classed as a crop of serious economic potential there. It has been established that a harvest of 1,000 lbs (454.5 kg) removes approximately 3 lbs (1,361 g) K2O, 1 lb (454 g) P2O5, 1 lb (454 g) N, 3/4 lb (340 g) CaO, and 1/2 lb (228 g) MgO from the soil. cause much fruit damage and falling in northern Queensland. He said that it thrives best in regions "not subject to heavy frost but cool and dry enough in the winter months to provide a period of rest." Judd Company, New York. It is the 'Kwai Mi' but it is locally called 'Mauritius' because nearly all of the trees are descendants of those brought in from that island. Groff, G.W. ), die-back, caused by Phomopsis sp., and mushroom root rot (Clitocybe tabescens) which is most likely to attack lychee trees planted where oak trees formerly stood. The clusters or loose fruits are best packed in trays with protective sheets between the layers and no more than 5 single layers or 3 double layers are joined together. Technical Abstract: Most lychee varieties from China do not flower under the mild Hawaii winter climate. 'No Mai Tsze' has been growing in Hawaii for over 40 years but has produced very few fruits. Tests at CSIRO, Div. It was, in olden times, a special fruit for presentation to high officials and other persons in positions of honor. The most destructive enemy of the lychee in China is a stinkbug (Tessaratoma papillosa) with bright-red markings. Hainan Island. It is corrected by a foliar spray of 8 lbs (3.5 kg) zinc sulphate and 4 lbs (1.8 kg) hydrated lime in 48 qts (45 liters) of water. Later, in Florida, profuse nodulation was observed on roots of lychee seedlings that had not been inoculated but merely grown in pots of sphagnum moss and given a well-balanced nutrient solution. Birds have been repelled by hanging on the branches thin metallic ribbons which move, gleam and rattle in the wind. It was found that shade-drying for 2 days before full exposure to the sun prevented cracking. Those grown in Sin Hsing are better than those grown in other locations. Spoilage may be retarded by moistening the fruits with a salt solution. Madagascar began experimental refrigerated shipments of lychees to France in 1960. Seed slightly spindle-shaped, or like a dog's tooth; underdeveloped. The fruits may be layered with pistachio ice cream and whipped cream in parfait glasses, as dessert. The glossy leaves are very resistant to fungi. Sliced lychees, congealed in lime gelatin, are served on lettuce with whipped cream or mayonnaise. Lychees placed in polyethylene bags with moss, leaves, paper shavings or cotton packing have retained fresh color and quality for 2 weeks in storage at 45 F (7.22 C); for a month at 40 F (4.44 C). The glossy leaves are very resistant to fungi. The citrus aphid (Toxoptera aurantii) preys on flush foliage. The larvae of a native leaf beetle, Exema nodulosa, has been found puncturing and girdling lychee branchlets 1/8 to 1/4 in (3-6 mm) thick. One of the most unique flavor fruit you will ever taste. The main Lychees are and probably will remain a favorite home In South Africa, trees 25 years old have averaged 600 lbs (272 kg) each in good years; and an average yield per acre is approximately 10,000 lbs annually (roughly equivalent to 10,000 kg per hectare). Many of the flowers have defective pollen and this fact probably is the main cause of the abortive seeds and also the common problem of shedding of young fruits. When the new growth has hardened off, all the grafting tape is removed. Repeated girdling as a regular practice would probably seriously interfere with overall growth and productivity. The final swelling of the fruit causes the protuberances on the skin to be less crowded and to slightly flatten out, thus an experienced picker will recognize the stage of full maturity. 1', 'Seedless No. Lychees stuffed with cottage cheese are served as salad topped with dressing and pecans. Fruit set, maturation and breeding in Late in season. The Hawaiian Agricultural Experiment Station imported 3 'Brewster' trees in 1907, and various efforts were made to bring other types from China but not all survived. In Florida, lychee trees are occasionally subject to green scurf, or algal leaf spot (Cephaleuros virescens), leaf blight (Gleosporium sp. Many are surprised to learn that fresh lychee tastes nothing like the canned fruit you may get in The fruit flies, Ceratites capitata and Pterandrus rosa make minute holes and cracks in the skin and cause internal decay. The fruits mature 2 months after flowering. In Florida, lychee trees are occasionally subject to green scurf, or algal leaf spot (Cephaleuros virescens), leaf blight (Gleosporium sp. In China, a crude method of cleft-grafting has long been employed for special purposes, but, generally speaking, the lychee has been considered very difficult to graft. Fla. 2. In 1908, the United States Department of Agriculture brought in 27 plants of 'Kwai mi'. Pests The larvae of a native leaf beetle, Exema nodulosa, has been found puncturing and girdling lychee branchlets 1/8 to 1/4 in (3-6 mm) thick. After a delay of 21 days, the branch is cut off at the ring, defoliated but leaving the base of each petiole, then a slanting cut is made in the rootstock 1 ft (30 cm) above the soil, at the point where it matches the thickness of the graftwood (scion), and retaining as many leaves as possible. In the winter sudden rises of temperature will at times cause the lychee to flush forth new growth. 'Late Long Red', or 'Muzaffarpur'. There are only a few scattered trees in the West Indies and Central America apart from some groves in Cuba, Honduras and Guatemala. This cultivar, the centuries-old 'Chen-Tze' or 'Royal Chen Purple', renamed 'Brewster' in Florida, from the northern limit of the lychee-growing area in China, withstands light frost and proved to be very successful in the Lake Placid areathe "Ridge" section of Central Florida. The Chinese claim that the lychee is highly variable under different cultural and soil conditions. At the same time, 20 plants of 'Hak Ip' were imported and these were sent to George B. Cellon in Miami in 1918. In China, the seeds are credited with an analgesic action and they are given in neuralgia and orchitis. The lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) In 1920, Professor Groff obtained seedlings of 'Shan Chi' (mountain lychee) from Kwantung Province, together with air-layers of 'Sheung shu wai', 'No mai ts 'z', and 'T' im ngam' (sweet cliff). The main post-harvest problem is spoilage by the yeast-like organism, which is quick to attack warm, moist fruits. This pest is combatted by shaking the trees in winter, collecting the bugs and dropping them into kerosene. 'Bedana' is grown only in home gardens and the fruits have large seeds unlike the usual "chicken tongue" seeds of the fruits of this cultivar borne in India i. Of indifferent quality. Despite worldwide distribution, they remain one of China's best kept secrets. Girdling: The Indian farmer may girdle the branches or trunk of his lychee trees in September to enhance flowering and fruiting. First, air-layers from superior trees are planted 4 ft (1.2 m) apart in "stool beds" where enriched holes have been prepared and left open for 2 weeks. ranks eleven in the list of economic fruit crops in Thailand. Kwai Mi is The 200 air-layers were planted out by Ware in 1942 and began bearing in 1946. The use of very young rootstocks, only 1/4 in (6 mm) in diameter and wrapping the union with strips of vinyl plastic film, have given good results. 'Fei tsu hsiao', or 'Fi tsz siu' (imperial concubine's laugh, or smile) is large, amber-colored, thin-skinned, with very sweet, very fragrant flesh. Others are the six-spotted mite, Eotetranychus sexmaculatus, the leaf-footed bug, Leptoglossus phyllopus, and less troublesome creatures such as the several species of Scarabaeidae (related to June bugs) which attack leaves and flower buds. It is never done right after rain, as the wet fruit is very perishable. [Tree bears a moderate crop] in midseason. Few diseases have been reported from any lychee-growing locality. The fruits are rarely picked singly except for immediate eating out-of-hand, because the stem does not normally detach without breaking the skin and that causes the fruit to spoil quickly. Frozen, peeled or unpeeled, lychees in moisture-vapor-proof containers keep for 2 years. Originating from Asia, this gorgeous ever green plant will produce fresh, heavy hanging clusters of bright red rose flavored sweet fruit. Anonymous. The Chinese method of air-layering has many variations. There are 3 types of flowers appearing in irregular sequence or, at times, simultaneously, in the lychee inflorescence: a) male; b) hermaphrodite, fruiting as female (about 30% of the total); c) hermaphrodite fruiting as male. Best fruit in the world. At 32 to 35 F(0-1.67 C) and 85% to 90% relative humidity, untreated lychees, can be stored for 10 weeks; the skin will turn brown but the flesh will be virtually in fresh condition but sweeter. Two seedling selections by Col. Grove, 'Yellow Red' and 'Late Globe', Prof. Groff believed to be natural hybrids of 'Brewster' 'Mountain'. You can't argue with three billion Asians. Most of the various plants and rooted cuttings from them were distributed for trial; the rest were kept in U.S. Department of Agriculture greenhouses in Maryland. 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